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Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy said long-term defence agreements being struck with Germany and France heralded a “new security architecture for Ukraine and new opportunities”.
Zelenskyy signed a bilateral defence accord with German Chancellor Olaf Scholz in Berlin on Friday. Scholz described the pledge as a “historic step” and cast support for Ukraine as key to ensuring a “peaceful European order” in the future.
Under the agreement Germany will provide military aid worth €7.1bn in 2024. It will lead an effort by allies to equip Ukraine with modern air defences while contributing to other “coalitions” providing it with armour, artillery, IT and drones.
Berlin also announced an additional military aid package worth €1.13bn over four years, including 18 self-propelled howitzers, 18 other howitzers, a SkyNex air defence system and 100 interceptors for the IRIS-T air defence system.
The Ukrainian leader is expected in Paris on Friday evening to meet President Emmanuel Macron and sign a similar long-term security agreement with France.
Britain’s prime minister Rishi Sunak last month agreed a 10-year accord with Kyiv, including £2.5bn in military aid this year and a pledge to build up the Ukrainian navy. Ukrainian officials say agreements are also close to completion with Canada, Italy and the Netherlands. In all, more than 30 countries have said they would sign such agreements with Ukraine.
The security commitments stop short of mutual defence guarantees but are intended to build up Ukraine’s military capabilities over several years while sending a message to Moscow of western resolve in support of Kyiv, two years after Russia’s full-scale invasion. The accords are also intended as a bridge to Ukraine’s eventual accession to Nato.
However, the message of western solidarity has been undercut by doubts over further US military assistance for Ukraine, which is being held up by sceptical Republicans in the House of Representatives, and by delays to some EU funding.
The EU last month agreed a four-year €50bn aid plan for general budgetary support, but a scheme to top up an EU fund used to buy arms for Kyiv by €5bn has been held up by differences among member states.
A $60bn US aid package proposed by the White House for Ukraine, one-third of it military, is stuck in Congress.
US House speaker Mike Johnson, an ally of Republican presidential frontrunner Donald Trump, on Thursday adjourned the house for a recess of almost two weeks without putting the Senate-approved aid package for Ukraine to a vote.
Despite their latest pledges, the Europeans are unable to make up for the shortfall in US supplies of artillery ammunition and air defence interceptors this year.
France has come under scrutiny for supposedly providing less weaponry to Ukraine than other European allies such as Germany and the UK.
Data collected by the Kiel Institute in Germany puts France in 14th place globally, with military assistance since February 2022 worth only €600mn, while Germany has given €17.7bn and the UK €9.1bn.
French officials have disputed those figures, which they say dramatically undercounts their contribution. On Friday, France released a new list of the materiel it has given to Ukraine, including 30 Caesar howitzers and around 100 long-range Scalp missiles, although it did not put a value on the equipment.
The officials also said France had trained around 10,000 Ukrainian soldiers and would expand training to including naval and air activities this year.
Writing in Le Monde, French foreign minister Stéphane Séjourné said: “The efforts today in favour of Ukraine are nothing compared with those we would have to deploy against a Russia that considered itself victorious.”
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